Peptic ulcer disease is a condition that causes ulcers (open sores) to develop in the lining of your digestive tract. Peptic ulcer disease occurs when sores develop on the inner lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine. These ulcers can cause significant discomfort and, if left untreated, lead to serious complications such as bleeding or perforation.
Between 5% and 10% of people worldwide will develop peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in their lifetimes. It can develop at any age, though it’s more common in middle-aged adults. It’s also more common in people assigned male at birth (AMAB) than in people assigned female at birth (AFAB).
The primary cause of peptic ulcer disease is infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, can also damage the stomach lining, leading to ulcer formation. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress may exacerbate the condition.
Common symptoms include burning stomach pain, nausea, bloating, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, individuals may experience vomiting blood, dark or tarry stools, or unexplained weight loss, signaling the need for immediate medical attention.
Prevention involves limiting the use of NSAIDs, avoiding smoking and alcohol, and maintaining a healthy diet. Treatment typically includes antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, acid-suppressing medications, and lifestyle changes to promote healing and prevent recurrence.
Peptic ulcer disease is a manageable condition with proper medical intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment adherence can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
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