Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects people of all ages. It is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult for individuals to breathe. This condition often varies in severity and can affect people of all ages, though it commonly begins in childhood. Asthma attacks, which involve sudden worsening of symptoms, can range from mild to life-threatening.
Asthma affected an estimated 262 million people in 2019 and caused 455,000 deaths.
The exact cause of asthma is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common triggers include allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and animal dander, and irritants like smoke, strong odors, and air pollution. Viral respiratory infections and physical activity can also exacerbate symptoms in some individuals.
Symptoms of asthma can vary from person to person. They sometimes get significantly worse, a condition known as an asthma attack. Symptoms are often worse at night or during exercise. Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and persistent coughing.
Preventing asthma attacks involves avoiding known triggers, adhering to prescribed medications, and monitoring symptoms. Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, are commonly used to manage chronic inflammation, while quick-relief inhalers provide immediate relief during attacks. In severe cases, additional treatments like biologic therapies may be recommended.
While asthma is a lifelong condition, effective management can enable individuals to lead active, healthy lives. Awareness of triggers and adherence to treatment plans are crucial in minimizing the impact of asthma on daily life.
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