Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder that affects many Singaporeans, particularly as they age. Understanding osteoarthritis, its symptoms, risk factors, and management strategies is essential for maintaining joint health and improving quality of life.
What is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage—the smooth tissue that cushions the ends of bones in the joints. As cartilage wears away, bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain, swelling, and reduced joint mobility. OA most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
Symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary in severity but typically include:
- Joint Pain: Persistent pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.
- Stiffness: Particularly noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Swelling: Joint swelling due to inflammation or fluid accumulation.
- Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the joint through its full range of motion.
- Crepitus: A grating or crackling sound when moving the affected joint.
If you experience these symptoms, especially if they interfere with daily activities, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation.
Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis
Several factors can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis:
- Age: The risk of OA increases with age, as cartilage naturally wears down over time.
- Genetics: Family history of osteoarthritis can predispose individuals to the condition.
- Obesity: Excess body weight places additional stress on weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips.
- Joint Injuries: Previous injuries or trauma to a joint can increase the risk of OA in that joint.
- Repetitive Stress: Occupations or activities that involve repetitive joint stress or heavy lifting can contribute to OA.
Preventing and Managing Osteoarthritis
While osteoarthritis is a chronic condition with no cure, various strategies can help manage symptoms and improve joint health:
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on joints and can help alleviate symptoms.
- Exercise Regularly: Engage in low-impact exercises, such as swimming or cycling, to strengthen muscles around the joints and improve flexibility.
- Use Assistive Devices: Utilize devices such as braces, canes, or ergonomic tools to support joint function and reduce strain.
- Apply Hot or Cold Therapy: Use hot packs or cold compresses to manage pain and inflammation.
- Practice Joint Protection: Avoid activities that place excessive stress on joints and modify movements to reduce impact.
Treatment for Osteoarthritis
Treatment for osteoarthritis focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life:
- Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help manage pain and inflammation.
- Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can provide exercises to strengthen muscles, improve joint function, and reduce pain.
- Injections: Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections may be used to alleviate pain and inflammation in the affected joint.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options such as arthroscopy or joint replacement may be considered to restore joint function.
For personalized advice and management strategies for osteoarthritis, consult with Igaku. Our experts offer tailored consultations through in-person visits at our clinics or teleconsultations via WhatsApp to help you address joint health concerns effectively.
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