Cancer remains a significant health concern globally, including in Singapore. Understanding cancer, its risk factors, symptoms, and early detection methods can play a crucial role in effective prevention and treatment.
What is Cancer?
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. These cells can form tumors or invade surrounding tissues. There are various types of cancer, including breast, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Each type originates in different tissues or organs and may have distinct characteristics and treatment approaches.
Symptoms of Cancer
Cancer symptoms vary depending on the type and stage of the disease but common signs include:
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant loss of weight without changes in diet or physical activity.
- Persistent Pain: Ongoing pain that does not improve with time or treatment.
- Fatigue: Severe tiredness that is not alleviated by rest.
- Changes in Skin: New or changing moles, or sores that do not heal.
- Bleeding or Discharge: Unexplained bleeding, such as in the stool, urine, or from the nose.
- Persistent Cough or Hoarseness: Chronic cough or voice changes that do not resolve.
- Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits: Persistent changes in stool or urine, such as blood in the urine or stools.
If you experience any of these symptoms persistently, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
Risk Factors for Cancer
Several factors can increase the risk of developing cancer, including:
- Genetics: A family history of cancer can elevate your risk, indicating a possible hereditary component.
- Lifestyle Choices: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor diet can contribute to cancer risk.
- Environmental Exposures: Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals, pollutants, or radiation can increase cancer risk.
- Age: The risk of developing cancer generally increases with age.
- Infections: Certain viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B and C, are linked to specific types of cancer.
Preventing Cancer
While not all cancers are preventable, you can reduce your risk by:
- Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol consumption.
- Regular Physical Activity: Engage in regular exercise to maintain a healthy weight and improve overall health.
- Vaccination: Get vaccinated against cancer-related infections, such as HPV and hepatitis B.
- Regular Screenings: Participate in routine cancer screenings based on age, gender, and risk factors, such as mammograms, pap smears, and colonoscopies.
- Sun Protection: Use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure to reduce the risk of skin cancer.
Treatment of Cancer
Cancer treatment depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as individual patient factors. Common treatment options include:
- Surgery: To remove cancerous tumors or affected tissues.
- Radiation Therapy: To target and destroy cancer cells using high-energy rays.
- Chemotherapy: To kill or stop the growth of cancer cells using drugs.
- Targeted Therapy: To specifically target cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal cells.
- Immunotherapy: To boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
For detailed guidance on cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, consult with Igaku. Our healthcare professionals offer personalized consultations to address your cancer-related concerns through in-person visits at our clinics or teleconsultations via WhatsApp.
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