Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent condition among women in Singapore and a leading cause of infertility. Normally, ovaries produce a small amount of the male hormone known as androgen. However, in women with PCOS, there is an abnormal increase in androgen production by the ovaries. This hormonal imbalance disrupts the menstrual cycle, often leading to irregular or absent periods.
Symptoms of PCOS
PCOS manifests with various symptoms, which may include:
- Irregular menstrual cycles: Menstrual periods may be irregular, infrequent, or prolonged.
- Hyperandrogenism: Elevated levels of male hormones (androgens) can lead to symptoms such as acne, excessive facial or body hair growth (hirsutism), and male-pattern baldness.
- Polycystic ovaries: Enlarged ovaries with multiple small follicles that may be visible on ultrasound.
- Insulin resistance: A condition where the body’s cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Weight gain: Difficulty losing weight or unexplained weight gain, often centered around the abdomen.
Causes of PCOS
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors:
- Hormonal imbalance: Elevated levels of androgens disrupt the normal function of the ovaries, leading to irregular ovulation and menstrual cycles.
- Insulin resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which can increase androgen production by the ovaries.
- Genetics: PCOS tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Management of PCOS
Management of PCOS aims to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of complications:
- Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management can help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate hormone levels.
- Medications: Hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills), anti-androgen medications (e.g., spironolactone), and medications to improve insulin sensitivity (e.g., metformin) may be prescribed based on individual symptoms and goals.
- Fertility treatments: For women trying to conceive, medications such as clomiphene citrate or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may be recommended.
- Regular monitoring: Routine medical check-ups are essential to monitor hormone levels, manage symptoms, and screen for related health conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Emotional and Psychological Support
Living with PCOS can affect emotional well-being due to its impact on fertility, body image, and overall health. Support from healthcare providers, support groups, and counseling can help manage the emotional aspects of PCOS.
Seeking Help for PCOS
If you suspect you have PCOS or are experiencing symptoms, consult with a healthcare provider specializing in reproductive health. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term complications associated with PCOS.
At IGAKU, we specialize in women’s health and reproductive care. Book a consultation today to receive personalized guidance and support for managing PCOS and improving your quality of life.
Ready to learn more about PCOS and its management strategies? Book a consultation with us today. Our experts can provide comprehensive insights and tailored recommendations to help you navigate PCOS effectively and maintain optimal health.
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